During network communication the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) for the Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) or the Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) for IPv6 translates the IP into a NIC. The NIC is a computer circuit card that allows a computer to connect to a network. The MAC address is usually assigned by the manufacturer of a Network Interface Controller (NIC), and it is stored in the hardware. Among its applications are the Ethernet, 802.11 wireless networks and Bluetooth. Sometimes it is known as the burned-in address (BIA) or the Ethernet hardware address (EHA).
It is used as a network address for most IEEE 802 network technologies. It is a unique identifier for network interfaces.
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